What Causes Lymphedema And How Is It Treated

What Is Lymphedema

While most lymphedema occurs as the result of treating cancer (secondary lymphedema), people can be born with a compromised lymphatic system (primary lymphedema). Cancer treatment increases the risk for developing lymphedema as the cancer treatment procedures can disrupt or damage the lymphatic system, resulting in the development of lymphedema.

Lymphedema occurs when the lymphatic system is damaged or compromised, resulting in the disruption of the lymphatic flow (of lymph fluid) moving through the body within the lymphatic system. When this disruption occurs, there is a build-up of the lymph fluid in the fatty tissues just under your skin that causes swelling (edema), which is referred to as lymphedema.

In addition to swelling, the accumulated excess lymph fluid can cause your skin to become thickened or hardened, and creates a breeding ground for bacteria that makes the affected area susceptible to skin infections (cellulitis). If left untreated, the cellulitis can spread to the bloodstream and create potentially life-threatening conditions. The skin in the affected area may also become compromised, resulting in leakage of the lymph fluid, especially in cases where the skin is extremely swollen.

Lymphedema is generally treated through a process known as lymphedema Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT).